Computer Organization & Architecture 

Computer Organization

Organization is the structure or arrangement of related or connected items.

Computer organization is a combination of hardware attachments and how it is connected. It is concerned with the way, the hardware components operate and are connected together to form the computer system. The various components are assumed to be in place and the task is to investigate the organizational structure to verify that the computer parts operate.

Computer Architecture

Architecture is the physical structures. It is the design process for a specific system and specifies the functions of components, their interfaces, their interactions, and restriction. This specification is the base for detailed design and implementation steps

Computer architecture is concerned with the relationship between different hardware components of a computer system. Computer architecture includes the overall fundamental working principle of the internal logical structure of a computer system.

It is also concerned with structure and behavior of computer as seen by the user. It includes the information formats, the instruction set, and techniques for addressing of a computer system is concerned with the specifications of the various modules, such as processors and memories and structuring them together into a computer system

The Benefits of Studying Computer Organization & Computer Architecture 

• It is concerned us with the way the hardware components operate and the way they are connected together to form the computer system.

• We know various components are assumed to be in place ad task is to be an organizational structure. 

• We know about on the system components, circuit design, logical design, structure of instruction, computer arithmetic, processor control, assembly programming and methods of performance enhancement.

The Fact That Prohibit Up To Speed Up

1. Increase Cost.

• If we increase computer speed, the cost will also increase.

2. Different combination between Hardware.

• There are Different combinations of Hardware .Such as Processor & Ram which is very important for Computer speed. We use 1 Ghz speed processor then Ram will use not more then 2 GB.

• If use DDR 2 ram supported mother board we do not use DD3 or higher Bus speed Ram.

3. OS Compatibility.

• We can’t move to better architecture whenever we want to speed the system because we had to think about the compatibility of previous operating system and software’s.

ISA Computer 

(Institute of Advanced Studies)

 AC: Accumulator (40 bits)

 MQ: Multiplier/Quotient register (40 bits)

 MDR: Memory Data Register (40 bits)

 IBR: Instruction Buffer Register (40 bits)

 IR: Instruction Register (20 bits)

 PC: Program Counter (12 bits)

 MAR: Memory Address Register (12 bits)